Mitigating off-target distribution and enhancing cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells with alpha-ketoglutaric acid-modified Fe/Mg-CA nanoparticles

Abstract Purpose In this work, pH-sensitive alpha-ketoglutaric acid-modified Fe/Mg-carbonate apatite (α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA) NPs were introduced and found to be capable of promoting the selective delivery cancer-killing drug doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cells, while simultaneously mitigating DOX toxicity on normal cells. Methods As part characterization evaluation α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA target a series assessments performed, which included size measurements, morphological analysis, FTIR, cytotoxicity assessment, hemolysis, binding, cellular uptake, pH-responsive release tests. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used conduct protein corona analysis using 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) mice plasma. Furthermore, investigate distribution DOX-loaded major tissues tumor, biodistribution investigation conducted mammary tumor-induced Balb/c mouse models 24 h after intravenous administration NPs. Results The vitro pH-dependent over time demonstrated that degraded rapidly at acidic pH levels. When compared free DOX, potent antiproliferative effect Confocal microscopy confirmed effective internalization revealed an affinity for dysopsonins (serum albumin, apolipoproteins) transport proteins may assist extending their blood circulation period. data model indicated extended bloodstream, reduced non-target tissues, increased accumulation tumor. Conclusion results obtained suggest emerge as prospective candidate delivering therapeutic cargos treat malignant tumors.